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1.
Liberabit ; 19(1): 55-66, ene.-jun.2013. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-783305

ABSTRACT

Diferentes fuentes muestran que el consumo de marihuana tiene efectos negativos sobre la salud y la convivencia ciudadana. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar diferencias entre consumidores y no consumidores de marihuana, en variables que pudieran mostrar la tendencia a afectaciones sociales y de salud, eventualmente asociadas al consumo de la sustancia en cuestión. Se tomaron las bases de datos de los estudios nacionales de consumo de 2008 (población general de 12 a 65 años) y 2011 (población escolarizada entre 12 y 18 años). En la primera población se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a accidentes laborales y consumo de riesgo y perjudicial de alcohol; en la segunda, se encontró un rendimiento académico deficitario e incidentes de agresión, a veces como víctimas, otras como victimarios, entre los consumidores. Los resultados confirman los hallazgos de otros estudios, en los cuales se ha podido establecer que, contrariamente a la creencia común entre muchos consumidores de marihuana, sí hay una asociación entre consumo de esa sustancia y problemas a nivel de conducta y de rendimiento académico. Se sugiere realizar estudios longitudinales para superar las deficiencias metodológicas derivadas de los estudios transversales...


Data from several sources show that marihuana smoking has harmful effects on health and conviviality. The purpose of this study was to analyse the differences between users and non-users of marihuana on variables potentially associated with social and health problems amongst those using marihuana. Two data bases were analyzed: one from 2008, regarding general population (12 to 65 years of age), and a second one from 2011 regarding school populations with ages between 12 and 18. In the first population significant differences were found for work accidents and alcohol abuse; in the second one the differences were related to academic failure and agression incidents, some times as victims, some times as perpetrators. The results confirm other studiesÆ findings: contrary to the common belief among marihuana users, there is a strong association between the use of the substance and behavioral and academic problems. It is suggested that longitudinal studies must be carried out in order to overcome the methodological limitations and flaws related to cross-sectional studies...


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Cannabis , Cannabis/adverse effects , Impacts of Polution on Health , Colombia , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Rev. colomb. psicol ; 20(2): 265-274, jul.-dic. 2011.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-619667

ABSTRACT

El consumo de alcohol en menores es un riesgo para su salud e incrementa la probabilidad de futuros problemas con esta y con otras sustancias psicoactivas, lo que hace necesario un instrumento para identificar rápida y eficazmente a adolescentes que consumen o en riesgo de iniciar el consumo. Con una muestra de 432 jóvenes de la ciudad de Bogotá, este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una adaptación de lenguaje y una calibración, mediante el modelo de Rasch, del instrumento CRAFFT/CARLOS, que poseería las características antes mencionadas. La utilización del modelo de Rasch mostró que el CRAFFT y su adaptación, el CARLOS, son instrumentos útiles para identificar problemas de consumo de alcohol y otras drogas entre adolescentes.


The consumption of alcohol by underage adolescents constitutes a risk for their health and increases the probability of future drug and alcohol abuse problems. For this reason, it is necessary to have an instrument for the early and effective screening of adolescents at risk of alcohol or drug consumption, or adolescents who are already consuming them. The CRAFFT/CARLOS instrument seems to have the appropriate characteristics for that end. The objective of this study was to adapt the instrument from a linguistic point of view with a sample of 432 adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18, and also to calibrate it using the Rasch model. The results show that the Spanish version of the CRAFFT/CARLOS satisfies the usual requirements for this kind of instrument. Thus, it should be used in the different settings where support and medical or psychological attention is offered to adolescents.


O consumo de álcool entre menores é um risco para sua saúde e incrementa a probabilidade de futuros problemas com esta e com outras substâncias psicoativas, o que faz necessário um instrumento para identificar, rápida e eficazmente, os adolescentes que consomem ou estão em risco de iniciar o consumo. A partir de uma amostra de 432 jovens da cidade de Bogotá, este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma adaptação de linguagem e calibragem, mediante o modelo de Rasch, do instrumento CRAFFT/CARLOS que possuiria as características mencionadas. A utilização do modelo de Rasch mostrou que o CRAFFT e sua adaptação, o CARLOS, são instrumentos úteis para identificar problemas de consumo de álcool e outras drogas entre adolescentes.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adolescent , Adolescent Health , Alcoholism/psychology , Psychometrics/methods
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